Coronavírus – a tecnologia para a emergência global.

Os Coronavírus estão se tornando uma enorme ameaça para o mundo, ainda maior que o surto de SARS há alguns anos atrás. No entanto, agora, cientistas, pesquisadores, médicos e especialistas em saúde têm a opção de usar as mais recentes tecnologias, como aprendizado de máquina e inteligência artificial para tentar derrotar o vírus. Além disso, eles têm a opção de realizar análises preditivas e usar os insights gerados a partir dela para entender e monitorar a epidemia. Este artigo, foca-se mais em demonstrar o uso de novas tecnologias como IA e ML para a prevenção ou redução de Coronavírus.

Por que o Coronavírus é tão perigoso?

O Coronavírus pode causar vários problemas de saúde. Desde um resfriado comum, até algo mortal, como a Síndrome Respiratória Aguda, o Coronavírus é definitivamente um vírus com risco de vida. O que torna o Coronavírus ainda mais assustador é o fato de ser a primeira vez que foi identificada essa família de vírus, que atacam seres humanos. Além disso, como ele é altamente transmissível, pode afetar e se alastrar pelos humanos rapidamente, espalhando-se através de tosse, gotículas de espirro, etc. Na verdade, pode até espalhe-se apenas com o toque das mãos da pessoa contaminada.

Uso de tecnologia

As tecnologias mais recentes para tratamento de doenças, ainda não são capaz de salvar as pessoas de contrair doenças, mas ajuda a entender as razões por trás dela e até as maneiras possíveis de evitá-la. Antes, levava-se muito tempo para sequenciar o genoma de qualquer vírus. Mesmo quando o SARS chegou, demorou muito tempo para seu sequenciamento. Mas agora, com a ajuda da IA e da ML, foi possível sequenciar rapidamente o genoma do vírus. De fato, no caso do Coronavírus, a ferramenta precisou apenas de um mês para identificar a sequência do seu genoma. A primeira tentativa foi relatada em dezembro de 2019 e em janeiro de 2020, os cientistas tinham a sequência completa do genoma.

Mapeamento da doença

Os especialistas também estão usando a tecnologia para rastrear a propagação da doença; já havia ferramentas de mapeamento usadas anteriormente. Mas agora o processo se tornou mais rápido e eficiente.

Os especialistas já conseguem olhar para um mapa em tempo real focado na disseminação do Coronavírus. Ele exibe as estatísticas relacionadas aos vários casos confirmados internacionalmente. Mostrando até as mortes relatadas nos países. Com a ajuda dos dados, os especialistas podem obter várias informações.

O mapeamento também ajuda a implementar restrições de viagem, se necessário. No entanto, muitos dados precisam ser coletados e processados para obter tais informações.

Os especialistas em big data também estão cruzando informações relacionadas aos padrões de tráfego das companhias aéreas, ao mesmo tempo que analisam todos os detalhes mais recentes sobre a propagação do vírus e as últimas descobertas relacionadas à transmissão da doenças.

Assim, o big data e o aprendizado de máquina, ambas as tecnologias, serão amplamente utilizadas para fins de mapeamento.

O papel da Inteligência Artificial e da Análise Preditiva

Muitas empresas de IA e ML, especialmente aquelas que lidam com assistência médica, estão ansiosas para construir uma hábil ferramenta de previsão de Coronavírus. De fato, algumas empresas criaram ferramentas que podem ajudar os profissionais de saúde a detectar os sinais de alerta do vírus. A BlueDot, uma empresa especializada em vigilância de doenças contagiosas, criou uma ferramenta eficiente baseada em IA e ML. A ferramenta é usada para prever com exatidão e eficiência o surto do vírus.

Basicamente, a ferramenta funciona pesquisando e coletando uma enorme quantidade de informações. Ao processar o grande número de conjuntos de dados, a ferramenta pode gerar insights preditivos valiosos. Os dados são coletados de várias fontes, como sites e mídias sociais, reportagens, relatórios governamentais, além de vários outros recursos. A ferramenta também ajudou a identificar as áreas geográficas em que não se deve ir por causa da propagação do vírus.

Além disso, existem outras ferramentas baseadas em IA e ML, que são usadas para identificar os locais onde o vírus poderá chegar em breve. Com base nas previsões, os profissionais de saúde podem iniciar o processo de conceber formas de combater a possível propagação da doença e evitá-la. Além disso, os profissionais e institutos de saúde devem estar preparados para o tratamento de pacientes.

De fato, a Universidade Humboldt está também fazendo previsões sobre o surto de coronavírus. Seus dados incluem muitas informações, como o risco de transmissão, avanços e muitos outros detalhes. Profissionais desta universidade já estão prontos para fornecer seus dados e insumos para fazer previsões em larga escala. Portanto, a análise preditiva tem um papel importante a desempenhar na tomada de decisões para ajudar a prevenir e reduzir a possibilidade do surto.

Robôs em hospitais para atender pacientes infectados

A China já começou a usar robôs com inteligência artificial para atender pacientes com Coronavírus. Os robôs são capazes de se auto desinfetar e alguns robôs andam pelo meio dos pacientes, medem a temperatura corporal e outros atendimentos elementares. Inicialmente, os robôs estavam entregando medicamentos e realizando outras tarefas, como trocar os lençóis da cama, etc. Isso permitiu aos humanos mais tempo para cuidar dos pacientes, reduzindo a pressão do trabalho sobre enfermeiros humanos. Além disso, o trabalho dos robôs praticamente erradica a possibilidade de infecção cruzada. Como o país relata casos em que até mesmo os profissionais médicos começaram a contrair a doença, foi importante usar robôs para evitar disseminar a infecção pelos hospitais.

Muitas organizações de saúde usam IA e ML há anos. E agora, muitas dessas ferramentas serão usadas para reduzir os efeitos nocivos do vírus.

Como existem muitos dados disponíveis, processá-los, para produzir previsões e insights, não será difícil; mas tomará tempo. Todas as informações eventualmente ajudarão a superar o surto da doença, e é exatamente isso que o mundo deseja no momento – reduzir o impacto do Coronavírus.

Conte aos amigos

29 thoughts on “Coronavírus – a tecnologia para a emergência global.

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